Research objectives:
- Find out where the islands are located.
- Who first discovered these islands?
- Determine natural features (origin, relief, climate, flora and fauna).
- Are all the islands uninhabited, who lives on them and what does they do?
Oceania is the world's largest collection of islands located in the southwestern and central parts of the Pacific Ocean.
More than 7 thousand islands.
Geographical division
Micronesia
Polynesia
Melanesia
- He received worldwide recognition for the sea voyages he led in 1642 - 1644 .
- The first among famous European explorers to reach the shores New Zealand , Tonga And Fiji .
- The data collected during his expeditions helped prove the fact that Australia is a separate continent.
Abel Janszon Tasman
1603-1659
Dutch navigator, explorer and merchant.
Louis Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (1729 - 1811 ) - French navigator, leader of the 1st French circumnavigation expedition 1766-1768
Visits Samoa And Hebrides, New Brittany (now the Bismarck Islands), New Guinea and Mauritius. Having passed Cape of Good Hope, he returns after two and a half years
Cook James (1728-1779), English navigator, leader of three expeditions around the world.
From 1768 to 1779
Discovered and explored: New Zealand, the east coast of Australia, crossed the Antarctic Circle, visited Easter Island, the Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, the Friendship Islands, discovered New Caledonia, South Georgia, discovered Christmas Island, the Hawaiian Islands. The ships traveled around the western part of North America and reached Alaska. After crossing the Arctic Circle, we ended up in the Chukchi Sea
Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky
(1773 - 1837) - Russian navigator and explorer.
Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky on the sloops "Nadezhda" and "Neva" in 1803-1806. made the first Russian round-the-world expedition.
Lisyansky commanded the Neva and discovered one of the Hawaiian islands, named after him ( Lisyansky Island).
Lisyansky was the first to describe Hawaii in his book “A Journey Around the World” (1812).
Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklouho-Maclay
(1846 - 1888) - Russian ethnographer, anthropologist , biologist and traveler who studied the indigenous population South-East Asia , Australia And Oceania ( 1870 - 1880s ) , including Papuans northeast coast New Guinea, called the Maclay Coast.
RESULTS: 1. After analyzing the maps, we found out the origin of the islands. Islands of Oceania
Origin
Mainland
Volcanic
Coral
Large shores, mountainous terrain. Plants and animals are similar in composition to continental flora and fauna.
Rounded, often ring-shaped, low-lying shores, white beaches, poverty of the organic world
Small in area, rocky, round in shape, volcanic activity often continues
Climate of Oceania.
- Most of the islands are located in the tropical zone.
- The climate is warm, soft, humid.
- Trade winds bring a lot of precipitation.
- Average temperature + 26 ºC
Coconut palm
Breadfruit
Kiwi bird
Palm thief
Flying couscous.
Iguana
Gecko
Inhabits western Oceania
Branches of the economy.
fishing
Production
Mining ore
industry
farms
Recycling
coconut
Corals
Study findings:
- We figured it out today …
- I was interested to know...
- I realized today...
- What caused the difficulties?
- Who wants to praise someone?
A presentation on the topic “Oceania” for a 7th grade geography lesson will allow students to get acquainted with a huge cluster of islands located in the Pacific Ocean. This presentation reveals the unique world of plants and unusual animals that inhabit these lands, washed by the ocean on all sides. Much information is given about the discovery of Oceania.
Miklouho-Maclay made a great contribution to the study of these territories. 7th grade students will also learn about this traveler in a geography lesson using this material.
The consideration of the material begins with the introduction of the term Oceania itself. What follows is a detailed description of the geographical location of the islands, the peoples who inhabit them, and the nature that makes them so unrivaled.
The electronic manual, which presents the material on 34 slides, can be used both for geography lessons and for personal study of the material by anyone interested in this subject.
- Introduces you to a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean called Oceania. He will tell you about the people, life, history and other interesting facts of the skeleton.
Format
ppt (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Class: 7
Presentation for the lesson
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Goals:
- deepen and concretize knowledge about the interaction of land and ocean;
- students' awareness of the important ideological idea of the integrity of the Earth's nature, the need for its conservation and careful attitude towards it.
Tasks:
- show the features of the geographical location and reveal the features of the nature of Oceania;
- reveal the reasons for the uniqueness of the organic world, the composition of the population of this island region;
- to form in students an idea of the economic activities and lifestyle of the population of Oceania;
- reveal the role of N.N. Miklouho-Maclay in the studies of Oceania;
- continue to develop the ability to work with a map and analyze climate diagrams;
- develop students' horizons and interest in learning.
Equipment: atlas maps and contour maps for grade 7, presentation “Oceania”, textbook by Dushin I.V. Geography. Continents, oceans, peoples and countries. 7th grade / Ed. V.P. Dronova. – M.: Bustard, 2009.
Lesson type: learning new material
During the classes.
1. Organizational moment
Greeting students, creating a friendly and working atmosphere in the classroom. Checking the readiness of students' workstations for the lesson.
2. Updating knowledge
Inform students about the topic of the lesson and remember the basic theoretical concepts necessary for mastering new material.
Slide 1. Lesson topic - Oceania
Slide 2. Let's remember
- What is an island called?
- What is an archipelago called?
- What are the different islands based on their origin?
Students answer the teacher's questions.
By clicking the mouse, the answer to question 3 is displayed.
3. Learning new things
Slide 3. Lesson plan
- Concept of Oceania.
- Composition of Oceania.
- Geographical position.
- Features of nature.
- Peoples and countries.
- N.N. Miklouho-Maclay – researcher of Oceania.
Slide 4. What is Oceania?(hyperlink to slide 7)
Oceania is one of the most interesting territories on Earth. This is a huge and complex world with more than 7 thousand islands, S = 1.3 million km 2. The largest islands are New Guinea (hyperlink to slide 5) and New Zealand (hyperlink to slide 6).
Find these islands on the physical map of the world (working with the atlas and wall physical map of the world).
Slide 7. Composition of Oceania
Oceania is divided into:
- Melanesia is an island arc in the southwest Pacific Ocean, including New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji;
- Micronesia is an island arc in the western Pacific Ocean, including many small islands scattered across the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator: the Mariana, Caroline, Marshall and Palau Islands, as well as the Gilbert Islands partially extending into the southern hemisphere. All are located within the Pacific Plate;
- Polynesia is an island arc in Oceania in the central part of the Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to New Zealand: Tuamotu; Samoa. Societies of the island, etc.
Find these components of Oceania in the textbook on page 139 fig. 78 and on the map in the atlas.
Slide 8. Geographical location
- Determine the extent of Oceania from north to south (29 N latitude from the Hawaiian Islands - to New Zealand 53 S latitude) and from west to east (130 E from New Guinea - to Easter Island 109 W). d.)
- Are the following islands included in Oceania: Aleutian, Japanese, New Zealand, Philippine?
Slide 9 - 11. Features of nature - the origin of the islands
Most of the islands of Oceania are of biogenic origin. If you believe the legends of the inhabitants of Oceania, they were not discovered, but “fished out” from the ocean floor. The inhabitants of Oceania were excellent sailors and skilled fishermen: they caught fish and islands. Of course, such legends indicate that the ancient peoples saw a connection between the origin of the islands and the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. The coral structure is formed from the limestone parts in which the polyps lived. Together, these structures form the shape of a continuous or broken ring surrounding a shallow lagoon (reservoir). This structure is called ATOLL.
Slide 12. Nature - climate features
The very name Oceania indicates that the ocean plays a decisive role in shaping climate.
Using the climate map, determine in which climatic zones it is located (in the subtropics, tropics and equatorial latitudes).
Using the climate diagram, determine the climate features (Hot and humid all year round: t = 21°C, t = 22°C, precipitation 3140 mm).
Slide 13 - 17. Flora– it is possible to prepare an additional message on the topic.
Coconut palm: distribution occurs by sea across the Pacific islands. Coconuts are waterproof and float freely on water. Fruit germination is maintained in sea water for up to 110 days. During this time they can swim up to 3000 miles.
New Zealand pine - kauri, or Agathis southern - is one of the oldest species of coniferous trees, surviving dinosaurs and occurring already during the Jurassic period (about 150 million years ago).
Codium variegated, croton – houseplant native to Melanesia.
Cyathea arborea is the largest fern in the world, up to 20 m high and with leaves of 3 m.
Slide 18 – 22. Animal world- it is possible to prepare an additional message on the topic.
Kiwi – a bird that has the smallest (degenerate) wings.
Takahe, the wingless sultana – flightless rare bird up to 60 cm in height.
Kakapo - owl parrot – The world's only flightless parrot.
Hatteria is the oldest reptile (representatives of this genus lived on Earth 250 million years ago) with the lowest body temperature of +11°C.
The largest diurnal butterfly is the female Queen Alexandra Birdwing. Its wingspan reaches 26–28 cm. It lives on the island of New Guinea.
Slide 23. Population
10 million people,
of which 0.3 million people are in Micronesia (hyperlink to slide 26),
Submitted by:
- indigenous peoples
- newcomers - descendants of immigrants from Europe, Asia, America
- a variety of mixed origin groups.
Slide 24. Melanesians
Slide 25. Papuans (hyperlink to slide 23)
- a group of peoples indigenous to Western Melanesia who speak Papuan languages. (New Guinea Island).
Slide 26 - 27. Micronesians and Polynesians (hyperlink to slide 23)
– the indigenous population of Micronesia and Polynesia (western and central Oceania). They speak local languages.
Slide 28. Maori
- Polynesian people in New Zealand, language - Maori.
Slide 29. Economic activities
What economic activities do the inhabitants of Oceania engage in?
By clicking the mouse, illustrations of the answer appear.
- marine fisheries;
- coconut, cocoa, rubber and coffee plantations;
- sheep breeding;
- tourism.
Slide 30. Countries of Oceania.
The political map of Oceania was formed as a result of the seizure of the islands by European countries and the United States. Just 40 years ago there was only one state here - New Zealand. Now there are more than 10 independent states. Some of the islands are still colonies.
Give examples of Oceania countries with their capitals and show them on the map.
Slide 31. N.N. Miklouho-Maclay – explorer of Oceania
N.N. Miklouho-Maclay dedicated his life to the study of the indigenous people of Oceania - message from students.
Slide 32. Thor Heyerdahl
1947 sailing on the Kon-Tiki raft. An outstanding scientist and famous ethnographer sailed from the shores of Peru to the islands of Polynesia.
4. Consolidation
Students answer crossword questions. When using an interactive whiteboard, you can enter answers into a crossword puzzle.
Slide 33. Solve the crossword puzzle
1. Large cluster of islands in the Pacific Ocean
2. The fruit of the most common plant in Oceania
3. Russian scientist who studied the population of New Guinea
4, 6. One of the types of economic activity of residents
5. Indigenous people of New Guinea
7. One of the archipelagos of Oceania
Answers: 1 – Oceania, 2 – coconut, 3 – Miklouho-Maclay, 4 – agriculture, 5 – Papuans, 6 – navigation, 7 – Fiji.
5. Homework
Slide 34. Homework
- § thirty,
- Page 142 creative task 4 or 5
- Prepare for independent work on the topic “Australia and Oceania”
Slide 1
Slide 2
Slide 3
Slide 4
Slide 5
Slide 6
Slide 7
Slide 8
Slide 9
Slide 10
Slide 11
Slide 12
The presentation on the topic "Oceania" can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 12 slide(s).
Presentation slides
Slide 1
Slide 2
I. Physiographic location and composition of Oceania
This is a cluster of islands in the central and western Pacific Ocean, which stretch from north to south, from Hawaii to New Zealand, and from east to west, from Easter Island to New Guinea. Number - more than 10,000 islands Area - 1.3 million km²
Slide 3
Slide 4
II. Discovery and exploration of Oceania
The island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Melanesia were supposedly settled by people from Southeast Asia who arrived by canoe approximately 30-50 thousand years ago. About 2-4 thousand years ago, most of Micronesia and Polynesia were inhabited. The process of colonization ended around 1200 AD. After gaining independence, most countries in Oceania still have serious economic, political and social problems, which they are trying to solve with the help of the world community (including the UN) and through regional cooperation.
Slide 5
III. Features of the nature of Oceania
Types of island origins
Slide 6
Relief of the islands
The relief and geological structure of the Pacific Ocean floor in the Oceania region has a complex structure. From the Alaska Peninsula (part of North America) to New Zealand there are a large number of basins of marginal seas, deep ocean trenches (Tonga, Kermadec, Bougainville), which form a geosynclinal belt characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting topography.
Slide 7
Minerals of the islands
Most of the islands of Oceania have no mineral resources, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold (New Guinea , Fiji), phosphates (on most islands the deposits are almost or already developed, for example, in Nauru, on the islands of Banaba, Makatea). In the past, many islands in the region were heavily mined for guano, the decomposed droppings of seabirds, which were used as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.
Slide 8
Climate of the Oceania Islands
Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate. The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly by trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. Average annual rainfall ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mm, although some islands (particularly due to topography and downwind areas) may have drier or wetter climates. Oceania is home to one of the wettest places on the planet: on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on the island of Kauai, up to 11,430 mm of precipitation falls annually (the absolute maximum was reached in 1982: then 16,916 mm fell). Near the tropics the average temperature is about 23 °C, near the equator - 27 °C, with little difference between the hottest and coldest months.
Slide 9
Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones accompanied by typhoons and heavy rains, droughts. There are glaciers high in the mountains on the South Island of New Zealand and on the island of New Guinea, but due to global warming, their area is gradually decreasing.
Slide 10
Features of the flora and fauna of Oceania
Among the most widespread plants in Oceania are the coconut palm and the breadfruit tree, which play an important role in the lives of local residents: the fruits are used for food, the wood is a source of heat, a building material, and copra is produced from the oily endosperm of coconut palm nuts, which forms the basis of exports of the countries of this region. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the small rat. But the local avifauna is very rich. Most atolls have bird colonies where seabirds nest. Of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemic species of the country are kea, kakapo, and takahe. All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
Slide 11
IV. Population. Features of the settlement of Oceania
The indigenous inhabitants of Oceania are Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians and Papuans. Many languages of Oceania are on the verge of extinction. In everyday life they are increasingly being replaced by English and French. Recently, the proportion of immigrants from Asia (mainly Chinese and Filipinos) has been increasing in the countries of Oceania. For example, in the Northern Mariana Islands, the share of Filipinos is 26.2%, and the Chinese are 22.1%. The population of Oceania mainly professes Christianity, adhering to either the Protestant or Catholic branches.
Slide 12
Economy
Most countries in Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, and a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The basis of the economy of most countries in Oceania is agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important agricultural crops are the coconut palm, bananas, and breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the countries of Oceania issue licenses for the right to catch fish to ships of other countries (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.
Most countries in Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, and a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The basis of the economy of most countries in Oceania is agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important agricultural crops are the coconut palm, bananas, and breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the countries of Oceania issue licenses for the right to catch fish to ships of other countries (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.
